Reply to R Granger

Entropy , the Indus Script , and Language : A Reply to R .

In a recent Last Words column (Sproat 2010), Richard Sproat of the Oregon Health and Science University laments the reviewing practices of “general science journals” after dismissing our work and that of Lee, Jonathan, and Ziman (2010) as “useless” and “trivially and demonstrably wrong.” While we expect such categorical statements to have already raised some red flags in the minds of readers, w...

Race Differences and r / K Theory A Reply to

To allow an adequate evaluation of r/K theory in light of Silverman’s critique, data are tabulated showing that, on average, Mongoloids > Caucasoids > Negroids in brain size and intelligence, maturational delay, sexual restraint, quiescent temperament, and social organization. The sequence of this suite of life-history characters may parallel the order of emergence of the populations in earth h...

From Correlation to Granger Causality

The paper focuses on establishing causation in regression analysis in observational settings. Simple static regression analysis cannot establish causality in the absence of a priori theory on possible causal mechanisms or controlled and randomized experiments. However, two regression based econometric techniques – instrumental variables and Granger causality can be used to test for causality gi...

The Authors’ Reply

Extending Granger causality to nonlinear systems

We consider extension of Granger causality to nonlinear bivariate time series. In this frame, if the prediction error of the first time series is reduced by including measurements from the second time series, then the second time series is said to have a causal influence on the first one. Not all the nonlinear prediction schemes are suitable to evaluate causality, indeed not all of them allow t...